Resolved! Is STM32F103VET6 not supported to use USART1 and USB simutaneously in self-powered devices?
According to AN4879, PA9 must be used as VBUS Sensing and must not be re-used for other purposes. However, according to CubeMX, PA9 refer to USART1_TX and USART1 is the only port that supports memory reprogramming (STM32F103VET6 Datasheet Section, 2....