I think you misunderstand the data-sheet.
Those are not "recommended" pull-up values. That is the effective resistance of built-in pull-up resistors, which you can choose to turn on (or not) when the pin is programmed as digital-input or open-drain-output.
There are circumstances where you might choose to have your own external pull-up resistors. These include ensuring the pin is in a certain state even when the stm32 is reset or in its lowest-power shutdown. Or if the value of the built-in pull-up is not appropriate for your application. (You could want a lower value if you need a certain minimum current to maintain healthy switch contacts or better noise-immunity, or a higher value if you wish to have lower current drain when the pin is driven low externally).
