slave spi on stm32f4 receives incorrect data

[deep]

I have an jetson xavier driving STM32F407G-DISC1 on SPI1 default pins : PA4/5/6/7 .
The SPI_FLAG_RXNE flag behaviour is very strange, resulting in wrong values being received.
Config used:

/* SPI1 parameter configuration*/
hspi1.Instance =         SPI1;
hspi1.Init.Mode =        SPI_MODE_SLAVE;
hspi1.Init.Direction =   SPI_DIRECTION_2LINES;
hspi1.Init.DataSize =    SPI_DATASIZE_8BIT;
hspi1.Init.CLKPolarity = SPI_POLARITY_LOW;
hspi1.Init.CLKPhase =    SPI_PHASE_1EDGE;
hspi1.Init.NSS =         SPI_NSS_HARD_INPUT;
hspi1.Init.FirstBit =    SPI_FIRSTBIT_MSB;
hspi1.Init.TIMode =      SPI_TIMODE_DISABLE;

In these plots CH3 is connected to a gpio that tracks SPI_FLAG_RXNE, while CH4 is connected to !SPI_FLAG_BSY .
What I expect to see is SPI_FLAG_RXNE firing with the rising edge of SCK on the reception of the 8th bit like this:

 However with this SPI driver the SPI_FLAG_RXNE signal seems to look like this:

Result is wrong data received.  This happens independent of SCK speed.  Validated the STM32 slave inputs using a simple bitbang SPI slave, and data is received with no errors.

SPI_FLAG_RXNE and !SPI_FLAG_BSY were brought out to gpio with something like:

volatile uint8_t rxd = 0;
while(true) {
  uint32_t spiFlags = hspi->Instance->SR;
  bool is_free = ! (spiFlags & SPI_FLAG_BSY);
  bool is_rx_buffer_ready = (spiFlags & SPI_FLAG_RXNE);

  set_gpio_led(led_orange, is_free);
  set_gpio_led(led_green, is_rx_buffer_ready);

  if (is_rx_buffer_ready) {
    small_delay();
    rxd = hspi->Instance->DR;
  }
}

[TDK]

Looks like the master and slave are out of sync. The CS pin is typically used to ensure byte-alignment between the interfaces. It doesn't look like you're using a CS pin.

While the above may also be relevant, looks like it's accepting a byte after 4 bits, and not 8. I wonder if there's some bouncing on the SCK line that would be causing duplicate bits. That would be quite odd, but I don't see what else it could be. Maybe try using slower GPIO speeds.

How far away are master and slave? Are they connected with long jumper wires?

The SPI on the F4 doesn't support 4 bit words, so it can't be that.

[deep]

Both SPI_NSS_SOFT and SPI_NSS_HARD_INPUT give similar results. 

Reducing SCK speed down to 256Hz (!) also gives very similar results..

Master<->Slave is connected with a short ribbon cable which has few errors up to 1MHz spi communication using bitbang version of SPI on stm32 side.

Increasing word size does have an impact, but the clock counter on slave still seems to be off...

[waclawek.jan]

I believe TDK is right and this is consequence of SCK bounce; maybe inadequate ground/return.

Decreasing bitrate won't help, this is all about the SCK edges.

JW

[TDK]

I meant to suggest slower GPIO speeds, not SPI speeds. When you initialize the pins used for SPI in HAL_SPI_MspInit (or wherever if not using HAL), you give them a frequency. It's probably set to GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH which is default. Set it to GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW instead which will still support up to ~2 MHz clocks. Doing this lowers the drive strength of the pin, which slows the edge down, which will be less prone to causing the line to bounce. A terminating resistor on the slave side would also help.

Edit: Oh, the STM32 is a slave so this isn't relevant. Well, maybe you can do something similar on the master side.

[deep]

Terminating the SCK on slave stm side seems to help a LOT:

after adding a terminating resistor on sink of SCK:

much better--thanks TDK and waclawek.jan .

However the performance is still pretty poor--starts having errors around 200kHz .  The Slave SPI receiver must use analog logic to process SCK for this termination to make such a difference. Perhaps the termination scheme needs to be further optimized--over the exact same cable and setup the following bitbang version of SPI slave gets to around 1.2MHz :

   https://github.com/d-e-e-p/stm32-bitbang-spi/blob/main/slave/Core/Src/spi.cpp

[waclawek.jan]

 What kind of errors, exactly? Bit shift, byte loss?

JW

[TDK]

I don't understand how your plots look so perfect but yet the problem suggests the signal integrity is awful.

> Master<->Slave is connected with a short ribbon cable

Short ribbon cable should be good to tens of MHz at least.

The STM32 SPI peripheral is well used and well tested. There aren't glaring issues with interpreting signals. There are schmitt triggers for hysteresis on the input.

Is there a solid ground connection between the chips? Are they powered from different power supplies? Are you operating inside of a microwave?

[deep]

with and without termination signals look like this on slow clocks:

around 200KHz there are single bit flip errors in about 10% of the data: if hardware slave select is enabled in receiver then the bit flip errors are the last bit.  otherwise they're the first bit.  at around 250KHz and above errors are equally distributed across bits. grounds are shared and no microwave, however a powerful subwoofer under the unit :)

[ONadr.1]

Try to measure the AC part of the supply voltage on the next channel of the oscilloscope for the circuit that generates the CLK signal. It could be insufficient decoupling on the power rails.