Hello @DLuce.1 and welcome to the ST Community.
In principle, the L6206Q can operates up to 55 V of supply voltage since the integrated DMOS have a rated Drain-Source breakdown voltage of 60V.
However we recommend a maximum VS of 52 V, since in normal working conditions the DMOS see a VDS voltage that will exceed VS supply.
In this case there is a risk of violating the absolute maximum rating of another parameter, the differential voltage VOD.
For a detailed description of this application behavior refer to the application notes AN1762 paragraph 3.2 (the AN is related to L6206 another package option, but the principle of working is the same). As you can read many factors come into play: PCB layout, sense resistor value and load current value, ESR of the bulk capacitor besides the IC parameters (e.g. diode forward ON voltage).
Note that the absolute maximum ratings specifies the stress levels that, if exceeded, may cause permanent damage to the device.
Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Moreover, another parameter to consider is the current ratings of your application, in fact the maximum output current is limited by the dissipation.
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