STM32F103C8 (BluePill) does not get passed HAL_CAN_Init

NikolasZ · ‎2022-11-09

I have read about this problems in sooo many other posts both in this forum and in other. I have also tried the various solutions that have been proposed as answers.

I will try to do my best in explaining what I have done. Please bear with me, as I am a total noob.

Ok, so the setup is one BluePill (STM32F103C8) MCU and the MCP2551 CAN-transceiver.

Transceiver is connected like this:

Pin1 - PA12

Pin4 - PA11 (I have tried switching pins here as well)

Pin3 - GND

Pin2 - 5V (5k1 resistor to the Rx pin from here as well for pull-up - tried with and without)

Pin5 - NC

Pin6 - CAN Low

Pin7 - CAN High (With and without a 120Ohm resistor to Pin6)

Pin8 - GND (No resistor and no slope)

The Code is straight out of the CubeIDE guide, without any modificcations. I haven't inserted any private code anywhere. Just the code that was generated by CubeIde.

I have tried 1.8.0, 1.8.3 and the latest 1.8.4

RCC clocks and timings are set as standard, with the 8Mhz external crystal (BluePill), and 72Mhz HCLK internal clock and 36MHz clock for APB1 peripherials. THe LSE is set to Disabled. (I have set it ti enabled also but there was no difference).

I have tried several CAN settings and Baud rates. Always inserted the recommended values from CAN Bit Time Calculation (can-wiki.info). Bit rates I have tried are 10kbit/s, 100kbit/s (which is what I want), 125kBit/s, 500kbit/s and 1Mbit/s.

Test modes I have tried are all of them, Normal, Loopback, Silent and Silent with Loopback.

When set to Loopback I have tried with and without the CAN transceiver, with and without the external pull-up resistor to 3,3V. I have tried direct connection between Rx and Tx (PA11-PA12). I have tried the alternative pins PB8 and PB9 as well, with all combinations of transceiver/no transceiver.

I think that I have tried all imaginable combinations there are.

I have tried variants of changes in the code in the libraries, like this:

HAL_CAN_Init() returns error after firmware migration from V1.8.0 to V1.8.4 on STM32F103C8T6

I feel that it is pointless to add any filter-settings or even the HAL_CAN_Start function, since it does not pass the HAL_CAN_Init

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
 
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
 
/* USER CODE END Includes */
 
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
 
/* USER CODE END PTD */
 
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
 
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
 
/* USER CODE END PM */
 
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
CAN_HandleTypeDef hcan;
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
 
/* USER CODE END PV */
 
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_CAN_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
 
/* USER CODE END PFP */
 
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
 
/* USER CODE END 0 */
 
/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 1 */
 
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
 
  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
 
  /* USER CODE END Init */
 
  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
 
  /* USER CODE END SysInit */
 
  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_CAN_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
 
  /* USER CODE END 2 */
 
  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
 
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin);
		HAL_Delay(2000);
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin);
		HAL_Delay(500);
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}
 
/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
 
  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
 
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}
 
/**
  * @brief CAN Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_CAN_Init(void)
{
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN_Init 0 */
 
  /* USER CODE END CAN_Init 0 */
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN_Init 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END CAN_Init 1 */
  hcan.Instance = CAN1;
  hcan.Init.Prescaler = 20;
  hcan.Init.Mode = CAN_MODE_LOOPBACK;
  hcan.Init.SyncJumpWidth = CAN_SJW_1TQ;
  hcan.Init.TimeSeg1 = CAN_BS1_15TQ;
  hcan.Init.TimeSeg2 = CAN_BS2_2TQ;
  hcan.Init.TimeTriggeredMode = DISABLE;
  hcan.Init.AutoBusOff = DISABLE;
  hcan.Init.AutoWakeUp = DISABLE;
  hcan.Init.AutoRetransmission = DISABLE;
  hcan.Init.ReceiveFifoLocked = DISABLE;
  hcan.Init.TransmitFifoPriority = DISABLE;
  if (HAL_CAN_Init(&hcan) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN CAN_Init 2 */
 
  /* USER CODE END CAN_Init 2 */
 
}
 
/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
 
  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
 
  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
 
  /*Configure GPIO pin : LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);
 
}
 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
 
/* USER CODE END 4 */
 
/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  //__disable_irq(); //Disabling this row, since it otherwise halts here
  while (1)
  {
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin);
		HAL_Delay(500);
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin);
		HAL_Delay(50);
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin);
		HAL_Delay(50);
		HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_ON_INDICATOR_GPIO_Port, LED_ON_INDICATOR_Pin);
		HAL_Delay(50);
 
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
 
#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

Peter BENSCH · ‎2022-11-10

A-Z is a dealer who e.g. also sells the clones of the ST-LINK, which are definitely not originals. As long as you don't have a proof of status via BulkID or a test like in one of the given websites (e.g. also blaatschaap or greaseweazle), nobody knows.

Regards

/Peter

In order to give better visibility on the answered topics, please click on Accept as Solution on the reply which solved your issue or answered your question.

NikolasZ · ‎2022-11-10

USB is not enabled.

AFIO clock looks enabled looking at the stm32f1xx_hal_msp.c file:

void HAL_MspInit(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 0 */
 
  /* USER CODE END MspInit 0 */
 
  __HAL_RCC_AFIO_CLK_ENABLE();     // AFIO CLOCK ENABLED
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
 
  /* System interrupt init*/
 
  /** NOJTAG: JTAG-DP Disabled and SW-DP Enabled
  */
  __HAL_AFIO_REMAP_SWJ_NOJTAG();
 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN MspInit 1 */
 
  /* USER CODE END MspInit 1 */
}

NikolasZ · ‎2022-11-10

At some point I was thinking that maybe there is something wrong with the Transceiver (MCP2551). But I inserted the same chip into another device (using ATMEGA328 with MCP2515 CAN-controller) and everything works perfectly.

Then I am thinking, if I have set the STM32 on CAN Loopback mode, then I don't even need the CAN-transceiver. I then connect the Rx and Tx together (even if that should be done internally) AND I set the Rx to Pull-up, AND I have an external pull-up resistor to 3,3V. But still NOTHNIG! So frustrating!

I set the CAN_Timeout in stm32f1xx_hal_can.c to 1000

#define CAN_TIMEOUT_VALUE 1000U

Did not make any difference, other that the 1 second delay until going to the Error-section.

NikolasZ · ‎2022-11-11

I have now ordered 5 genuine chips, that I will use to replace the chips that are on my Bluepill boards. I will see if that will do the trick. Once I know I will let you know.

NikolasZ · ‎2022-11-11

Today I tried my code on another Bluepill board that I bought on AliExpress. Ironically everything worked on that board :astonished_face: , so your suspicion that the Boards from AZ-delivery most probably have fake processor-chips, were sadly true. I have contaced AZ-delivery about this, and await their response.