Send a schematic and code... hard to decipher where the issue is. Dev board vs chip makes no difference in cubemx. Do you have the chip working at all, ie can flash a led?
This guys works for SPI, integrated into user io..Uses SPI in place of SDIO.https://github.com/eleciawhite/STM32Cube/blob/master/STM32Cube_FW_F3_V1.3.0/Drivers/BSP/Adafruit_Shield/stm32_adafruit_sd.cor in a project for L4 nucleo as examplehttps://bit...
Check SD present in generated code, my hardware goes high when present but generated code has the opposite.DMA-- set NVIC and code generation for both DMA channels and the SDIO general interrupt.http://mkwsolutions.com/Blog/STM32F4_SDIO
