https://community.st.com/s/question/0D50X0000Aurs9QSQQ/stm32f103-sdiofatfs-interface-project-not-working
Perhaps look at STM3240G-EVAL card schematic. I'd recommend 33-47K pull-ups on D0,D1,D2,D3,CMD, nothing on CLK, and a pull-up on a Card Detect pin depending on the configuration/construction of the socket.
