LoRaWAN Class B – Beacons Not Reaching My End Device

[Mariiian09]

Hello everyone,

I’m working with I-CUBE-LRWAN on an STM32 B-L072Z-LRWAN1 and trying to configure my end device to operate in Class B mode. However, my device never receives any beacons from the gateway.

Here’s what I have configured so far:
1.In lora_app.h, I set: 

#define LORAWAN_DEFAULT_CLASS CLASS_B
#define LORAWAN_DEFAULT_PING_SLOT_PERIODICITY 3
2. In lorawan_conf.h, I enabled Class B support:
#define LORAMAC_CLASSB_ENABLED 1
I am using EU868 as my active region:
#define REGION_EU868

Despite these configurations, my end device does not receive any beacon frames, and it never switches to Class B.

###### ========== MCPS-Confirm =============
1743497599s993:RX_BC on freq 869525000 Hz at DR 3
1743497600s050:MAC rxTimeOut
1743497600s057:temp= 43

1743497606s056:temp= 43

1743497606s057:VDDA= 254
1743497606s061:TX on freq 867100000 Hz at DR 3
1743497606s078:SEND REQUEST
1743497606s304:MAC txDone
1743497607s294:RX_1 on freq 867100000 Hz at DR 3
1743497607s496:MAC rxDone

I would appreciate any insights on what I might be missing or if there is a known bug in the I-CUBE-LRWAN implementation for Class B.

Has anyone successfully enabled Class B with this setup? Are there any additional steps required beyond these configurations?

Thanks in advance!

[Andrew Neil]

---

@Mariiian09 wrote:

my device never receives any beacons from the gateway.

---

Are you certain that the Gateway is actually sending beacons?

[Mariiian09]

Yes.

Here is the log and the global_conf.json:
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: ### [DOWNSTREAM] ###
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # PULL_DATA sent: 3 (100.00% acknowledged)
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # PULL_RESP(onse) datagrams received: 0 (0 bytes)
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # RF packets sent to concentrator: 0 (0 bytes)
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # TX errors: 0
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # BEACON queued: 11
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # BEACON sent so far: 8
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # BEACON rejected: 0
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: ### [JIT] ###
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # SX1301 time (PPS): 1142455798
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: src/jitqueue.c:461:jit_print_queue(): INFO: [jit] queue contains 3 packets:
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: src/jitqueue.c:462:jit_print_queue(): INFO: [jit] queue contains 3 beacons:
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: src/jitqueue.c:465:jit_print_queue(): - node[0]: count_us=1213446926 - type=3
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: src/jitqueue.c:465:jit_print_queue(): - node[1]: count_us=1319446753 - type=3
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: src/jitqueue.c:465:jit_print_queue(): - node[2]: count_us=1499454376 - type=3
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: ### [GPS] ###
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # Valid time reference (age: 0 sec)
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: # GPS coordinates: latitude 38.97762, longitude -1.85699, altitude 722 m
Apr 01 09:11:03 Lorank8 lorank8v1[1339]: ##### END #####

root@Lorank8:~/lorank8v1# cat global_conf.json
{
"SX1301_conf": {
"lorawan_public": true,
"clksrc": 1, /* radio_1 provides clock to concentrator */
"antenna_gain": 0, /* antenna gain, in dBi */
"radio_0": {
"enable": true,
"type": "SX1257",
"freq": 867500000,
"rssi_offset": -166.0,
"tx_enable": true,
"tx_freq_min": 863000000,
"tx_freq_max": 870000000
},
"radio_1": {
"enable": true,
"type": "SX1257",
"freq": 868500000,
"rssi_offset": -166.0,
"tx_enable": false
},
"chan_multiSF_0": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 868.1 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 1,
"if": -400000
},
"chan_multiSF_1": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 868.3 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 1,
"if": -200000
},
"chan_multiSF_2": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 868.5 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 1,
"if": 0
},
"chan_multiSF_3": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 867.1 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 0,
"if": -400000
},
"chan_multiSF_4": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 867.3 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 0,
"if": -200000
},
"chan_multiSF_5": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 867.5 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 0,
"if": 0
},
"chan_multiSF_6": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 867.7 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 0,
"if": 200000
},
"chan_multiSF_7": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 125kHz, all SF, 867.9 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 0,
"if": 400000
},
"chan_Lora_std": {
/* Lora MAC channel, 250kHz, SF7, 868.3 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 1,
"if": -200000,
"bandwidth": 250000,
"spread_factor": 7
},
"chan_FSK": {
/* FSK 50kbps channel, 868.8 MHz */
"enable": true,
"radio": 1,
"if": 300000,
"bandwidth": 125000,
"datarate": 50000
},
"tx_lut_0": {
/* TX gain table, index 0 */
"pa_gain": 0,
"mix_gain": 8,
"rf_power": -6,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_1": {
/* TX gain table, index 1 */
"pa_gain": 0,
"mix_gain": 10,
"rf_power": -3,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_2": {
/* TX gain table, index 2 */
"pa_gain": 0,
"mix_gain": 12,
"rf_power": 0,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_3": {
/* TX gain table, index 3 */
"pa_gain": 1,
"mix_gain": 8,
"rf_power": 3,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_4": {
/* TX gain table, index 4 */
"pa_gain": 1,
"mix_gain": 10,
"rf_power": 6,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_5": {
/* TX gain table, index 5 */
"pa_gain": 1,
"mix_gain": 12,
"rf_power": 10,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_6": {
/* TX gain table, index 6 */
"pa_gain": 1,
"mix_gain": 13,
"rf_power": 11,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_7": {
/* TX gain table, index 7 */
"pa_gain": 2,
"mix_gain": 9,
"rf_power": 12,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_8": {
/* TX gain table, index 8 */
"pa_gain": 1,
"mix_gain": 15,
"rf_power": 13,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_9": {
/* TX gain table, index 9 */
"pa_gain": 2,
"mix_gain": 10,
"rf_power": 14,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_10": {
/* TX gain table, index 10 */
"pa_gain": 2,
"mix_gain": 11,
"rf_power": 16,
"dig_gain": 0
},
"tx_lut_11": {
/* TX gain table, index 11 */
"pa_gain": 3,
"mix_gain": 9,
"rf_power": 20,
"dig_gain": 0
}
},

"gateway_conf": {
"gateway_ID": "",
/* change with default server address/ports, or overwrite in local_conf.json */
"server_address": "",
"serv_port_up": 1700,
"serv_port_down": 1700,
/* adjust the following parameters for your network */
"keepalive_interval": 10,
"stat_interval": 30,
"push_timeout_ms": 100,
/* forward only valid packets */
"forward_crc_valid": true,
"forward_crc_error": false,
"forward_crc_disabled": false,
/* GPS configuration */
"gps_tty_path": "/dev/ttyS4",
/* GPS reference coordinates */
"ref_latitude": 0.0,
"ref_longitude": 0.0,
"ref_altitude": 0,
/* Beaconing parameters */
"beacon_period": 128,
"beacon_freq_hz": 869525000,
"beacon_datarate": 9,
"beacon_bw_hz": 125000,
"beacon_power": 14,
"beacon_infodesc": 0
}
}

I have a NEO-6M GPS on ttyS4 working correctly, so I'm starting to think the issue might be with the end device. Any ideas are welcome.

[Andrew Neil]

---

@Mariiian09 wrote:

I have a NEO-6M GPS on ttyS4 working correctly, 

---

That's just a GPS module, though - no LoRaWAN.

Do you have any other LoRaWAN device which does see these beacons?

[Mariiian09]

That’s the GPS I use in the gateway for beacon creation. I don’t have any other Class B-compatible end device, only the B-L072Z-LRWAN1, which doesn’t receive the beacons.

[Andrew Neil]

So there is still the potential that the beacons just aren't working ...