Problem with linking my Nuttx application with touchgfx

[DShti]

Hi!

I am trying to build an application for STM32F429 written under Nuttx OS with touchgfx. I made stubs for oswrappers and hal to check the build. I have my own makefile and ld-script. The project compiles, but errors occur at the linking stage:

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./obj/display_main.o: in function `touchgfx :: HAL & touchgfx :: touchgfx_generic_init <NuttxHAL> (touchgfx :: DMA_Interface &, touchgfx :: LCD &, touchgfx :: TouchController &, short, short, unsigned short *, unsigned int, unsigned int) ': ./lib/touchgfx/framework/include/common/TouchGFXInit.hpp:89: undefined reference to `touchgfx :: Bitmap :: registerBitmapDatabase (touchgfx :: Bitmap :: BitmapData const *, unsigned short, unsigned short *, unsigned int, unsigned int) '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./obj/NuttxHAL.o:(.rodata._ZTV8NuttxHAL+0x3c): undefined reference to `touchgfx :: HAL :: blockCopy (void *, void const *, unsigned int) '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./obj/NuttxHAL.o:(.rodata._ZTV8NuttxHAL+0x60): undefined reference to `touchgfx :: HAL :: copyFBRegionToMemory (touchgfx :: Rect, unsigned short *, unsigned int) '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./obj/NuttxHAL.o:(.rodata._ZTV8NuttxHAL+0x9c): undefined reference to `touchgfx :: HAL :: touch (int, int) '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./lib/touchgfx/lib/core/cortex_m4f/gcc/libtouchgfx-float-abi-hard.a(AbstractPartition.o): in function `touchgfx :: AbstractPartition :: indexOf (void const *) ':

(.text._ZN8touchgfx17AbstractPartition7indexOfEPKv + 0x30): undefined reference to `__assert_func '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./lib/touchgfx/lib/core/cortex_m4f/gcc/libtouchgfx-float-abi-hard.a(AbstractPartition.o): in function `touchgfx :: AbstractPartition :: allocate (unsigned short ) ':

(.text._ZN8touchgfx17AbstractPartition8allocateEt + 0x18): undefined reference to `__assert_func '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./lib/touchgfx/lib/core/cortex_m4f/gcc/libtouchgfx-float-abi-hard.a(AbstractPartition.o): in function `touchgfx :: AbstractPartition :: allocateAt (unsigned short , unsigned short) ':

(.text._ZN8touchgfx17AbstractPartition10allocateAtEtt + 0x1a): undefined reference to `__assert_func '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./lib/touchgfx/lib/core/cortex_m4f/gcc/libtouchgfx-float-abi-hard.a(CircleProgress.o): in function `touchgfx :: CircleProgress :: setStartEndAngle (int, int) ':

(.text._ZN8touchgfx14CircleProgress16setStartEndAngleEii + 0xe): undefined reference to `__assert_func '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./lib/touchgfx/lib/core/cortex_m4f/gcc/libtouchgfx-float-abi-hard.a(AbstractProgressIndicator.o): in function `touchgfx :: AbstractProgressIndicator :: setRange (short, short, unsigned short, unsigned short) ':

(.text._ZN8touchgfx25AbstractProgressIndicator8setRangeEsstt + 0x1c): undefined reference to `__assert_func '

arm-none-eabi-ld: ./lib/touchgfx/lib/core/cortex_m4f/gcc/libtouchgfx-float-abi-hard.a(Container.o):(.text._ZN8touchgfx9Container3addERNS_8DrawableE+0 references `__assert_func 'follow

In this case, the rest of the touchgfx library is normally linked.

I use ld for linking with the following flags:

LD_FLAGS = --entry = __ start
LD_FLAGS + = -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs
LD_FLAGS + = -Map = "$ (MAP)" --cref
LD_FLAGS + = --gc-sections
LD_FLAGS + = -T $ (LIBDIR) /nuttx-export/build/ld.script
LD_FLAGS + = -L $ (LIBDIR) / touchgfx / lib / core / cortex_m4f / gcc
LD_FLAGS + = -L $ (LIBDIR) / nuttx-export / libs
LD_FLAGS + = --start-group
LD_FLAGS + = -ltouchgfx-float-abi-hard
LD_FLAGS + = -lnuttx -lapps "$ (GCCLIB) /thumb/v7e-m/fpv4-sp/hard/libgcc.a"
LD_FLAGS + = --end-group
 
$ (LD) $ (OBJS) $ (LD_FLAGS) -o "$ (ELF)"

ld-script is as follows:

MEMORY
{
  flash (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 2048K
  sram (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 112K
}
OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
EXTERN(_vectors)
ENTRY(_stext)
SECTIONS
{
    .text : {
        _stext = ABSOLUTE(.);
        *(.vectors)
        *(.text .text.*)
        *(.fixup)
        *(.gnu.warning)
        *(.rodata .rodata.*)
        *(.gnu.linkonce.t.*)
        *(.glue_7)
        *(.glue_7t)
        *(.got)
        *(.gcc_except_table)
        *(.gnu.linkonce.r.*)
	KEEP (*(.init))
	KEEP (*(.fini))
	KEEP (*(.dtors))
	. = ALIGN(4);
	PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
	KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
	PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
        _etext = ABSOLUTE(.);
    } > flash
    . = ALIGN(4);
    .init_section : {
        _sinit = ABSOLUTE(.);
        *(.init_array .init_array.*)
        _einit = ABSOLUTE(.);
    } > flash
    . = ALIGN(4);
    .ARM.extab : {
        *(.ARM.extab*)
    } > flash
    . = ALIGN(4);
    .ARM.exidx : {
        __exidx_start = ABSOLUTE(.);
        *(.ARM.exidx*)
        __exidx_end = ABSOLUTE(.);
    } > flash
    _eronly = ABSOLUTE(.);
    /* The RAM vector table (if present) should lie at the beginning of SRAM */
    .ram_vectors : {
        *(.ram_vectors)
    } > sram
    . = ALIGN(4);
    .data : AT( _eronly ) {
        _sdata = ABSOLUTE(.);
        *(.data .data.*)
        *(.gnu.linkonce.d.*)
        CONSTRUCTORS
        _edata = ABSOLUTE(.);
    } > sram 
    .bss : {
        _sbss = ABSOLUTE(.);
        *(.bss .bss.*)
        *(.gnu.linkonce.b.*)
        *(COMMON)
        _ebss = ABSOLUTE(.);
    } > sram
    /* Stabs debugging sections. */
    .stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
    .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
    .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
    .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
    .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
    .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
    .comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
    .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) }
    .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) }
    .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) }
    .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) }
    .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) }
}

I tried using g++ for linking, but the result is the same.

Have you any ideas why this happens? I'm sure I forget to add something, but can't understand what exactly it should be.

Thanks.

[Martin KJELDSEN]

Hi @DShti​,

Anything else in that build log? Sure, definitely a linker issue, primarily related to HAL methods (Base HAL is closed source), while containers, widgets, etc, are in the lib but also present as source code.

I'm a bit concerned about the spaces in the following expression.

LD_FLAGS + = -L $ (LIBDIR) / touchgfx / lib / core / cortex_m4f / gcc

/Martin

[DShti]

Hi, Martin. There are no spaces in actual makefile in LD_FLAGS, they were inserted when i pasted it as code snippet.

I added --trace and --no-demangle to ld flags and took a look at touchgfx.a contents. There is an interesting thing i found:

when ld works it is waitng for _ZN8touchgfx6Bitmap22registerBitmapDatabaseEPKNS0_10BitmapDataEtPtjj

but in touchgfx.a it see _ZN8touchgfx6Bitmap22registerBitmapDatabaseEPKNS0_10BitmapDataEtPtmm

The key of this problem is that when you built this lib uint32_t was defined as unsigned long, but when I compile my app I use <cstdint> from nuttx export, where it been defined as unsigned int. So mangling did his dirty deed.

Thanks for reply, i think this post may be closed.

[Martin KJELDSEN]

Ahaaa, nice catch.

/Martin

[JGonz.2]

Hi, DShti.

Could you share the steps you have taken to port your TouchGFX application to NuttX?

I want to create a STM32F746g-disco project running NuttX and there aren't many graphical frameworks available besides Nx and Lvgl that seem inferior to me compared to TouchGFX.

Thanks.

[embeddedt]

Hi,

The latest version of LVGL (7.0) was recently released. You can see some of the new demos here: https://lvgl.io/demos

What features in TouchGFX are important to you that you weren't able to find in NX or LVGL? We'd be happy to hear about them on our forum: https://forum.lvgl.io/