2025-10-07 3:45 AM - edited 2025-10-07 3:47 AM
Hello ,
I am working on a project using the STM32G431KBT3 MCU with STM32CubeIDE. My setup includes:
ADC1 configured to read 3 channels (CH2, CH3, CH4) in polling mode.
TIM2 configured in PWM input mode to measure the frequency and duty cycle of an external PWM signal on CH1.
The program runs as expected initially, but when I run the program again, I notice in the Live Expressions window that the values of variables appear to interchange:
adc_val_ch1 appears to show the duty cycle value.
duty_c shows adc_val_ch1 channel values.
Similar behavior is observed for other ADC variables.
when ADC and TIM2 interrupts run simultaneously the values are interchange, for reafference here I attach my code as well as screen shot of ide settings and live expression.
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
float t1 = 0;
float t2 = 0;
float period = 0.0;
volatile float duty_c = 0.0;
volatile float avg_duty = 0.0;
float sum = 0.0;
volatile int64_t equivalent_val = 0;
const uint32_t equi_offset = 0x80000000u;
int32_t val = 0;
volatile int edge_detected = 0; // Flag to indicate if an edge was detected
int count=0;
int i=0;
volatile float avg_duty1;
//variable for Excitation frequency out of range error bit
volatile float frequency=0;
volatile int frq_status=0;
uint32_t power_adc;
volatile float adc_val_ch1,adc_val_ch2,adc_val_ch3;
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
IWDG_HandleTypeDef hiwdg;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void);
static void MX_IWDG_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
void HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
if (htim->Channel == HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_1)
{
edge_detected = 1; // Set edge detection flag
t1 = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(htim, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
if (t1 != 0)
{
t2 = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(htim, TIM_CHANNEL_2);
duty_c = ((float)t2 /(float) t1) * 100.0f;
// method 1 for average
sum=sum-avg_duty+duty_c;
avg_duty=sum/100;
// method 2 for average
const float alpha=0.01;
avg_duty1=(alpha*avg_duty)+((1.0f-alpha)*avg_duty1);
val=(int32_t)((avg_duty1-50.00)*50000.00);
equivalent_val=(int64_t)(equi_offset) + val;
frequency=170000000/t1;
}
}
HAL_IWDG_Refresh(&hiwdg); //Here we reset watchdog timer if 0% duty cycle is detected
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
* @brief The application entry point.
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_ADC1_Init();
MX_TIM2_Init();
MX_IWDG_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_2);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 10);
adc_val_ch1=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 10);
adc_val_ch2=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 10);
adc_val_ch3=HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
HAL_ADC_Stop(&hadc1);
HAL_Delay(100);
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/**
* @brief System Clock Configuration
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
*/
HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1_BOOST);
/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI|RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.LSIState = RCC_LSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV4;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 85;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/**
* @brief ADC1 Initialization Function
* None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 0 */
ADC_MultiModeTypeDef multimode = {0};
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 1 */
/** Common config
*/
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV4;
hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;
hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
hadc1.Init.GainCompensation = 0;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_ENABLE;
hadc1.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
hadc1.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 3;
hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
hadc1.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;
hadc1.Init.OversamplingMode = DISABLE;
if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Configure the ADC multi-mode
*/
multimode.Mode = ADC_MODE_INDEPENDENT;
if (HAL_ADCEx_MultiModeConfigChannel(&hadc1, &multimode) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Configure Regular Channel
*/
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_2;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_640CYCLES_5;
sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
sConfig.Offset = 0;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Configure Regular Channel
*/
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_3;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_2;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/** Configure Regular Channel
*/
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_4;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_3;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 2 */
}
/**
* @brief IWDG Initialization Function
* None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_IWDG_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN IWDG_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END IWDG_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE BEGIN IWDG_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END IWDG_Init 1 */
hiwdg.Instance = IWDG;
hiwdg.Init.Prescaler = IWDG_PRESCALER_4;
hiwdg.Init.Window = 4095;
hiwdg.Init.Reload = 4095;
if (HAL_IWDG_Init(&hiwdg) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN IWDG_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END IWDG_Init 2 */
}
/**
* @brief TIM2 Initialization Function
* None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 0 */
/* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 0 */
TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
TIM_SlaveConfigTypeDef sSlaveConfig = {0};
TIM_IC_InitTypeDef sConfigIC = {0};
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 1 */
/* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 1 */
htim2.Instance = TIM2;
htim2.Init.Prescaler = 0;
htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim2.Init.Period = 4294967295;
htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim2, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
if (HAL_TIM_IC_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sSlaveConfig.SlaveMode = TIM_SLAVEMODE_RESET;
sSlaveConfig.InputTrigger = TIM_TS_TI1FP1;
sSlaveConfig.TriggerPolarity = TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING;
sSlaveConfig.TriggerPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
sSlaveConfig.TriggerFilter = 0;
if (HAL_TIM_SlaveConfigSynchro(&htim2, &sSlaveConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigIC.ICPolarity = TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING;
sConfigIC.ICSelection = TIM_ICSELECTION_DIRECTTI;
sConfigIC.ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
sConfigIC.ICFilter = 0;
if (HAL_TIM_IC_ConfigChannel(&htim2, &sConfigIC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sConfigIC.ICPolarity = TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_FALLING;
sConfigIC.ICSelection = TIM_ICSELECTION_INDIRECTTI;
if (HAL_TIM_IC_ConfigChannel(&htim2, &sConfigIC, TIM_CHANNEL_2) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_Init 2 */
/* USER CODE END TIM2_Init 2 */
}
/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* None
* @retval None
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
__disable_irq();
while (1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* file: pointer to the source file name
* line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
.
Could you please advise on:
How to reliably observe ADC and TIM2 variables in real-time without interchanging values.
Best practices to prevent this kind of variable swapping in STM32CubeIDE Live Expressions.
Thank you for your guidance.