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chriskuku
Senior II
May 26, 2025 3:46 PM UTC
Solved

LOAD segment with RWX permissions

STM32CubeIDE 1.18.1:

 

I'm getting

/Applications/STM32CubeIDE.app/Contents/Eclipse/plugins/com.st.stm32cube.ide.mcu.externaltools.gnu-tools-for-stm32.13.3.rel1.macos64_1.0.0.202411102158/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/13.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: warning: myproject.elf has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions

 

on nearly every project. I read somewhere to change

.preinit_array (READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
 KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 

 

 I did that in STM32F103C8TX_FLASH.ld

to no avail.

How can I get rid of that warning?

EDIT:

I also added (READONLY) to .ARM.extab

This topic has been closed for replies.
chriskuku
chriskukuBest answer
Senior II
May 26, 2025 4:02 PM UTC

Looks like one has to add the READONLY attribute to anything that goes to the FLASH section.

After applying that, the warning went away. Very weird.

/*
******************************************************************************
**
** @file : LinkerScript.ld
**
** @author : Auto-generated by STM32CubeIDE
**
** @brief : Linker script for STM32F103C8Tx Device from STM32F1 series
** 64KBytes FLASH
** 20KBytes RAM
**
** Set heap size, stack size and stack location according
** to application requirements.
**
** Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used
**
** Target : STMicroelectronics STM32
**
** Distribution: The file is distributed as is, without any warranty
** of any kind.
**
******************************************************************************
** @attention
**
** Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
** All rights reserved.
**
** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
** in the root directory of this software component.
** If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
**
******************************************************************************
*/

/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM); /* end of "RAM" Ram type memory */

_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */

/* Memories definition */
MEMORY
{
 RAM (rw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 20K
 FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 64K
}

/* Sections */
SECTIONS
{
 /* The startup code into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
 .isr_vector (READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 /* The program code and other data into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
 .text (READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 *(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
 *(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
 *(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
 *(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
 *(.eh_frame)

 KEEP (*(.init))
 KEEP (*(.fini))

 . = ALIGN(4);
 _etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
 } >FLASH

 /* Constant data into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
 .rodata :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 *(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
 *(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .ARM.extab (READONLY) : {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .ARM (READONLY) : {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 __exidx_start = .;
 *(.ARM.exidx*)
 __exidx_end = .;
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .preinit_array (READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
 KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .init_array(READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
 KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
 KEEP (*(.init_array*))
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .fini_array(READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
 KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
 KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 /* Used by the startup to initialize data */
 _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);

 /* Initialized data sections into "RAM" Ram type memory */
 .data :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 _sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
 *(.data) /* .data sections */
 *(.data*) /* .data* sections */
 *(.RamFunc) /* .RamFunc sections */
 *(.RamFunc*) /* .RamFunc* sections */

 . = ALIGN(4);
 _edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */

 } >RAM AT> FLASH

 /* Uninitialized data section into "RAM" Ram type memory */
 . = ALIGN(4);
 .bss :
 {
 /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
 _sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
 __bss_start__ = _sbss;
 *(.bss)
 *(.bss*)
 *(COMMON)

 . = ALIGN(4);
 _ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
 __bss_end__ = _ebss;
 } >RAM

 /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough "RAM" Ram type memory left */
 ._user_heap_stack :
 {
 . = ALIGN(8);
 PROVIDE ( end = . );
 PROVIDE ( _end = . );
 . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
 . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
 . = ALIGN(8);
 } >RAM

 /* Remove information from the compiler libraries */
 /DISCARD/ :
 {
 libc.a ( * )
 libm.a ( * )
 libgcc.a ( * )
 }

 .ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}

10 replies

chriskuku
chriskukuAuthorBest answer
Senior II
May 26, 2025 4:02 PM UTC

Looks like one has to add the READONLY attribute to anything that goes to the FLASH section.

After applying that, the warning went away. Very weird.

/*
******************************************************************************
**
** @file : LinkerScript.ld
**
** @author : Auto-generated by STM32CubeIDE
**
** @brief : Linker script for STM32F103C8Tx Device from STM32F1 series
** 64KBytes FLASH
** 20KBytes RAM
**
** Set heap size, stack size and stack location according
** to application requirements.
**
** Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used
**
** Target : STMicroelectronics STM32
**
** Distribution: The file is distributed as is, without any warranty
** of any kind.
**
******************************************************************************
** @attention
**
** Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
** All rights reserved.
**
** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
** in the root directory of this software component.
** If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
**
******************************************************************************
*/

/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = ORIGIN(RAM) + LENGTH(RAM); /* end of "RAM" Ram type memory */

_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400; /* required amount of stack */

/* Memories definition */
MEMORY
{
 RAM (rw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 20K
 FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x8000000, LENGTH = 64K
}

/* Sections */
SECTIONS
{
 /* The startup code into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
 .isr_vector (READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 /* The program code and other data into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
 .text (READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 *(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
 *(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
 *(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
 *(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
 *(.eh_frame)

 KEEP (*(.init))
 KEEP (*(.fini))

 . = ALIGN(4);
 _etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
 } >FLASH

 /* Constant data into "FLASH" Rom type memory */
 .rodata :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 *(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
 *(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .ARM.extab (READONLY) : {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .ARM (READONLY) : {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 __exidx_start = .;
 *(.ARM.exidx*)
 __exidx_end = .;
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .preinit_array (READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
 KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .init_array(READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
 KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
 KEEP (*(.init_array*))
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 .fini_array(READONLY) :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
 KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
 KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
 PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
 . = ALIGN(4);
 } >FLASH

 /* Used by the startup to initialize data */
 _sidata = LOADADDR(.data);

 /* Initialized data sections into "RAM" Ram type memory */
 .data :
 {
 . = ALIGN(4);
 _sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
 *(.data) /* .data sections */
 *(.data*) /* .data* sections */
 *(.RamFunc) /* .RamFunc sections */
 *(.RamFunc*) /* .RamFunc* sections */

 . = ALIGN(4);
 _edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */

 } >RAM AT> FLASH

 /* Uninitialized data section into "RAM" Ram type memory */
 . = ALIGN(4);
 .bss :
 {
 /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
 _sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
 __bss_start__ = _sbss;
 *(.bss)
 *(.bss*)
 *(COMMON)

 . = ALIGN(4);
 _ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
 __bss_end__ = _ebss;
 } >RAM

 /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough "RAM" Ram type memory left */
 ._user_heap_stack :
 {
 . = ALIGN(8);
 PROVIDE ( end = . );
 PROVIDE ( _end = . );
 . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
 . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
 . = ALIGN(8);
 } >RAM

 /* Remove information from the compiler libraries */
 /DISCARD/ :
 {
 libc.a ( * )
 libm.a ( * )
 libgcc.a ( * )
 }

 .ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
}
CTapp.1
Senior III
May 27, 2025 7:53 AM UTC

Are you building projects with 1.18.1 that were created with a previous version? If so, this could be down to the gcc toolchain upgrading to a version after 11.3.rel1 - more information in this thread.

All posts are made in a personal capacity. MISRA C++ Chair, MISRA C WG Member, Director The MISRA Consortium Limited (TMCL)
chriskuku
chriskukuAuthor
Senior II
May 27, 2025 4:00 PM UTC

@CTapp.1 wrote:

Are you building projects with 1.18.1 that were created with a previous version? If so, this could be down to the gcc toolchain upgrading to a version after 11.3.rel1 - more information in this thread.


Yes. Where do I find the toolchain manager in STM32CubeIDE?

 

CTapp.1
Senior III
May 28, 2025 11:40 AM UTC

It's in the project settings (sorry about the image quality):

CTapp1_0-1748432346535.png

 

All posts are made in a personal capacity. MISRA C++ Chair, MISRA C WG Member, Director The MISRA Consortium Limited (TMCL)
CTapp.1
Senior III
May 28, 2025 3:11 PM UTC

Did you find the project settings I showed? All you need then is to click the "Open Toolchain Manager..." button.

All posts are made in a personal capacity. MISRA C++ Chair, MISRA C WG Member, Director The MISRA Consortium Limited (TMCL)
chriskuku
chriskukuAuthor
Senior II
May 28, 2025 3:43 PM UTC

Oh excuse me. I overlooked your post WRT Toolchain Manager. Found it.

 

Though I still don't know what to do now. Should I revert to a previous toolchain or upgrade to a newer one? In either case, how do I achieve this?

Momentarily it shows:

chriskuku_0-1748447381628.png

 

CTapp.1
Senior III
May 29, 2025 2:27 PM UTC

You should end up with something like this:

CTapp1_0-1748528554863.png

You can then select a different toolchain to use.

Which you use is up to you. If you're wanting to update software that is deployed, then I would probably use the version that was used to create the deployment - unless a full regression test set can used to ensure that changing the toolchain does not modify the code's behaviour.

All posts are made in a personal capacity. MISRA C++ Chair, MISRA C WG Member, Director The MISRA Consortium Limited (TMCL)
CTapp.1
Senior III
May 30, 2025 9:36 AM UTC

Yeah, populating the list does take a while!

Glad you got it sorted.

All posts are made in a personal capacity. MISRA C++ Chair, MISRA C WG Member, Director The MISRA Consortium Limited (TMCL)