Why FLASH and SRAM2 sizes are different in my linker script created by STM32CubeIDE / STM32CubeMX?
Hello everyone,
I have recently created a new project for my development board NUCLEO-WB15CC from STM32CubeIDE. There are some conflict in sizes of SRAM2 and FLASH. In the RM0473, SRAM2a is described as 32KB and SRAM2b is described as 4KB and these are mirrored (I think mirroring is to protect memory in case some fault occurs). To my understanding, SRAM2a and SRAM2b are defined as RAM_SHARED in linker script and its size is 10KB. In my opinion, something seems wrong here. Also, in the reference manual, FLASH size is mentioned as up to 320KB. However, in my linker script its size is 110KB. According to single bank organization there are 160 pages each being 2KB but there are also 28KB of System Memory, 1KB of OTP area and 128 bytes of option bytes. I think it should be more than 320KB but I am not sure. In addition to that, why SRAM1 is defined as 0x2FFC instead of 12KB or 0x3000? I am really confused and I would be very happy if someone could help me. Thanks.
I am using STM32CubeIDE version 1.8.0 and STM32CubeMX version 6.5.0
Here is my linker script:
/*
******************************************************************************
**
** File : LinkerScript.ld
**
** Author : STM32CubeIDE
**
** Abstract : Linker script for STM32WB15xC Device
** 320Kbytes FLASH
** 48Kbytes RAM
**
** Set heap size, stack size and stack location according
** to application requirements.
**
** Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used.
**
** Target : STMicroelectronics STM32
**
** Distribution: The file is distributed as is without any warranty
** of any kind.
**
*****************************************************************************
** @attention
**
** Copyright (c) 2021 STMicroelectronics.
** All rights reserved.
**
** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
** in the root directory of this software component.
** If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
**
*****************************************************************************
*/
/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)
/* Highest address of the user mode stack */
_estack = ORIGIN(RAM1) + LENGTH(RAM1); /* end of RAM1 */
/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */
_Min_Heap_Size = 0x200 ; /* required amount of heap */
_Min_Stack_Size = 0x400 ; /* required amount of stack */
/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
FLASH (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 110K
RAM1 (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20000004, LENGTH = 0x2FFC
RAM_SHARED (xrw) : ORIGIN = 0x20030000, LENGTH = 10K
}
/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into FLASH */
.isr_vector :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
/* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.glue_7) /* glue arm to thumb code */
*(.glue_7t) /* glue thumb to arm code */
*(.eh_frame)
KEEP (*(.init))
KEEP (*(.fini))
. = ALIGN(4);
_etext = .; /* define a global symbols at end of code */
} >FLASH
/* Constant data goes into FLASH */
.rodata :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} >FLASH
.ARM.extab : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH
.ARM : {
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} >FLASH
.preinit_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(.preinit_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__preinit_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.init_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.init_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.init_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
.fini_array :
{
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
KEEP (*(SORT(.fini_array.*)))
KEEP (*(.fini_array*))
PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
} >FLASH
/* used by the startup to initialize data */
_sidata = LOADADDR(.data);
/* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */
.data :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
_sdata = .; /* create a global symbol at data start */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
*(.RamFunc) /* .RamFunc sections */
*(.RamFunc*) /* .RamFunc* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
_edata = .; /* define a global symbol at data end */
} >RAM1 AT> FLASH
/* Uninitialized data section */
. = ALIGN(4);
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section */
_sbss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss start */
__bss_start__ = _sbss;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
_ebss = .; /* define a global symbol at bss end */
__bss_end__ = _ebss;
} >RAM1
/* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */
._user_heap_stack :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
PROVIDE ( end = . );
PROVIDE ( _end = . );
. = . + _Min_Heap_Size;
. = . + _Min_Stack_Size;
. = ALIGN(8);
} >RAM1
/* Remove information from the standard libraries */
/DISCARD/ :
{
libc.a ( * )
libm.a ( * )
libgcc.a ( * )
}
.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }
MAPPING_TABLE (NOLOAD) : { *(MAPPING_TABLE) } >RAM_SHARED
MB_MEM1 (NOLOAD) : { *(MB_MEM1) } >RAM_SHARED
MB_MEM2 (NOLOAD) : { _sMB_MEM2 = . ; *(MB_MEM2) ; _eMB_MEM2 = . ; } >RAM_SHARED
}