Occasional errors on UART's received Bytes.

[PMach.1]

Hi, everyone,

I have been struggling with an issue for sometime. Upon reception, occasionally, a Byte is received with an error in which the most significant bit is received as a '1'. For example, if 0x55 (0101 0101) is sent, 0xD5 (1101 0101) is received (not always, though). THe UART's configuration is as follows:

static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{
 
 /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 0 */
 
 /* USER CODE END USART2_Init 0 */
 
 /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 1 */
 
 /* USER CODE END USART2_Init 1 */
 huart2.Instance = USART2;
 huart2.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
 huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
 huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_2;
 huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
 huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
 huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_RTS_CTS;
 huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
 huart2.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
 huart2.Init.ClockPrescaler = UART_PRESCALER_DIV1;
 huart2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
 if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
 if (HAL_UARTEx_SetTxFifoThreshold(&huart2, UART_TXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
 if (HAL_UARTEx_SetRxFifoThreshold(&huart2, UART_RXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
 if (HAL_UARTEx_DisableFifoMode(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
 /* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 2 */
 
 /* USER CODE END USART2_Init 2 */
 
}

As a debug measure, reducing the baudrate from 115200 to 2400 had no effect. I also changed the oversampling from 16 bits to 8 bits, with no avail. One bit sampling was also enabled, with no success. The last two configurations were also set simultaneously and the problem persists.

I have set the UART with enabled interrupts. Thus, upon a received Byte, an interrupt is triggered and the Byte extracted inside the ISR. Whenever the issue occurs, the RDR (receive data register) contains the Byte with the said error on the Byte's most significant bit. This fact leads me to the suspicion that there's a kind of sampling problem, leading to the UART sampling the stop bit as the MS bit.

A curious behavior that I observed during the UART_SetConfig function was that HAL_RCC_GetPCLK1Freq() returns 16MHz, when it is configured as 170MHz in .ioc file (ClockPrescaler=0) altough, given this unexpected clock, the USARTDIV constant is well computed and stored in BRR. Does this fact relate to the issue?

I think it is relevant to say that the transmission occurs with no problem whatsoever. The bytes are correctly received on a terminal in my computer.

What might be happening?

Thanks in advance and, please, let me know if there's any detail I may have missed exposing here.

Kind regards,

Pedro Machado

[TDK]

If the MSB error is always present, and always read as 1,the other side is probably only sending 7 data bits instead of 8.

If the MSB is only occasionally incorrect, it would suggest there's a mismatch between clock speeds, since the MSB is the last bit. Seems like you realize that.

A mismatch of 16MHz vs 170MHz seems like it would cause more than just an occasional bit error. If you have a way of seeing the speed on the line via a logic analyzer or scope, I would do that. Otherwise, double check the clocks are consistent. UART baud is the peripheral clock divided by BRR (usually), which is easy to calculate.

[PMach.1]

Hi,

First of all, thank you for your answer.

The serial terminal is sending at the right rate. With a logic analyzer, I managed to measure the bit time, which is 0.416ms (+-0.001), which is the equivalent to a 2400 bps baudrate. This phenomenon occurs also when the Byte is received with error. By the way, the pattern is always correctly sent, even with the Byte error upon reception (start bit + 8 Data bits + stop bit).

The computed BRR is 6667. For a clock speed of 16MHz, the baudrate is then: baud = pclk/BRR = 16000000/6667 = 2399.88

It seems to me there's nothing wrong with clock timing

[TDK]

Okay, so data sent to the MCU seems correct in terms of timing. So the PC is doing its job.

Is data sent by the MCU to the computer also correct?

[waclawek.jan]

> With a logic analyzer, I managed to measure the bit time,

What did you measure - Tx from the STM32, or Rx to STM32?

If you measured Rx to STM32, measure Tx from STM32 and post result.

JW

[PMach.1]

Hi,

I have measured the TX from STM32. Please, check my answer below for more details.

Kind regards.

[Jack Peacock_2]

What you describe is a start bit bleeding over into the first data bit. The most common reason for this is a baud rate mismatch, but there are other causes. First off, are you using the HSE oscillator with a crystal, or an internal RC oscillator as the system (and PCLK) clock source? An RC source may test out okay on the scope but keep in mind it can drift.

If your PCLK1 clock is only 16MHz something is amiss in your clock configuration, especially if the HCLK is 170MHz.

Bit jitter problems in async UARTs can occur when receiving long strings with no gap (other than stop bit) between characters. Async works best when there are frequent gaps longer than the stop bit so the RX window aligns properly to the start bit. When it doesn't align you either get framing/overrun errors or high bit set from sampling the start bit instead of first data bit. You can verify this isn't occurring by sending short bursts instead of long strings. Do you check for OE and FE errors when receiving UART data? Always read the status register before data in your RX ISR routine.

There's also the possibility of too much capacitance on the RX pin or somewhere in the transmission line. In your case since it's only one bit this is less likely, but you should make sure the RX signal is a clean square wave and doesn't show slow rise times indicative of capacitor charging/discharging.

Jack Peacock

[PMach.1]

Hi, Jack,

Thanks for your answer.

Indeed, the signals sent from the MCU to the computer showed a clock mismatch. Please, check my answer below for more details.

Kind regards

[PMach.1]

Hi, everyone,

Checking the TX signal form MCU to the computer made me reach the conclusion that there was in fact a clock mismatch in the MCU. The bit duration of the sent info was about 0.438ms, which translates in roughly 2280 baudrate.

I am investigating the clock configurations and cant´t find anything wrong. It is as follows:

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
 RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
 RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
 RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};
 
 /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
 */
 HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1_BOOST);
 /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
 * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
 */
 RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_BYPASS;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV6;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 85;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;
 RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;
 if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
 /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
 */
 RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
 |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
 RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
 RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
 RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
 
 if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
 /** Initializes the peripherals clocks
 */
 PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART2;
 PeriphClkInit.Usart2ClockSelection = RCC_USART2CLKSOURCE_PCLK1;
 if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
}

Also, I have attached a print screen of the Clock Configuration Diagram of the .ioc file and it seems to match the configuration function. I am using this 24MHz oscillator: https://pt.mouser.com/ProductDetail/ABRACON/ASE-24000MHZ-LC-T?qs=ShQ8XZQtgRscJew7eOA%2FgA%3D%3D

I am really confused as to why my USART2 configuration function returns the PCLK1 as being 16MHz, instead of 170MHz. I think the problem might lay here. Any clue on this?

BTW, a few months ago I realized the same problem on the High Resolution Timer, in which the periferal clock was 16MHz, instead of 170MHz, as it was supposed.

Thanks in advance. Kind regards,

Pedro Machado

[PMach.1]

[SOLVED]

It turned out to be the case that the oscillator was broken. A new oscillator solved the problem.

[waclawek.jan]

Thank you for coming back with the solution.

Please select your post as Best so that the thread is marked solved.

JW