In STM32F0x1, for internal temperature sensor sampling time must be greater than 4 uSec that means at 48 MHz only one option Sampling time 239.5 ADC clock cycles.

[DTriv]

STM32F0x1 do not support different sampling time for different channel, what should be the configuration if i want to sample other external ADC signal with high sampling frequency with Sampling time 1.5 ADC clock cycle.

[AvaTar]

Use a device with two ADC peripherals, or skip the temperature channel entirely.

The chip die temperature is not really of much use in most cases.

Or add a cheap external sensing element. With proper calibration, a simple PN junction (diode) in formward direction will do.