Yes, even the binary should work in this direction, i.e. replacement of the STM32F205VCT with the STM32F205VGT.
In the STM32F205, the SRAM is divided into two areas, SRAM1 and SRAM2, which are not adjacent to each other in the VCT, but leave an empty area of 32KB between 0x20014000 and 0x2001C000. With the VGT, this area of 32KB can also be used.
So if you have used the RAM of the VCT accordingly and use the binary from the VCT, the accesses to RAM of the VGT take place on the same addresses, only that the additional RAM (and the additional flash) is not used.
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Good luck!
/Peter