Can a hex file or a bin file be read back from the controller?

[Kavana shree]

Can a hex and bin files be generated from each other?

[AvaTar]

Not in a strict sense. After downloading it, it is not a HEX file anymore, just binary Flash contents.

But yes, if no readout-protection is enabled, you can read it back, and save it to a file.

Consult the help documentation of your toolchain.

I think the ST-Link utility can do this as well.

[Tesla DeLorean]

.HEX .S19 or .BIN files can be used to describe the same data. The hex files tend to be larger, but can be sparse (not describe empty locations), and out-of-order.

Several tools can convert between formats, ie BIN2HEX, HEX2BIN, SRECORDS, etc. The formats are not inherently complicated.

ST-LINK and DFU tools can be used to pull the data from a device that isn't protected. STM32 CubeProgrammer GUI seems to lack the feature to save by command line version can.

Keil debugger have SAVE command.