This can be done quite easily by connecting both a resistor in series to the ADC input and two Schottky diodes:
- from GND --> ADC input
- from ADC input --> VDD
The first limits negative input spikes, the latter diverts positive voltages with more than VDD+Vf to VDD. Both ensure that the input voltage remains within the permissible range because of the small forward voltage of Schottky diodes.
The resistor limits the current that can flow through an overvoltage, so its size depends on the expected overvoltage. If you use a voltage divider to measure the 0...10V, you can usually do without the series resistor.
Regards
/Peter