Can semaphore in FreeRTOS be used for triggering less than 1ms ?

Yes this is possible if you are careful about interrupts. You will have to assign the HW timer a high priority to ensure it is processed quickly. When you access the semaphore in the ISR be sure to get the wakeup flag status from the FreeRTOS API, and use that flag when exiting the ISR so that your timer task will be scheduled for execution immediately. You need to assign a high priority to the timer task so that it isn't preempted by some other IRQ/task combination.

The task won't execute on exact 2KHz boundaries but *** should be close. Expect some jitter from ISR and RTOS overhead.

Jack Peacock

You don't need to change the tick rate. The key is forcing the task scheduler to run after an interrupt.

void EXTI9_5_IRQHandler(void)
{
	BaseType_t xTaskWokenByPost;				// RTOS task context switch required flag
 
 xSemaphoreGiveFromISR( buf->Flag, &xTaskWokenByPost );
 
 portEND_SWITCHING_ISR( xTaskWokenByPost ); // Check for context switch
}

Above are a few lines that illustrate how to schedule in FreeRTOS after an interrupt. Here a semaphore is used in a GIVE, with the task woken flag used in APIs inside an interrupt handler. At the end of the interrupt FreeRTOS sees from the flag a new task may need to be scheduled since an event changed task status.

Task scheduling doesn't depend entirely on the preemption tick. Any event can request a task schedule change inside an interrupt.

Jack Peacock

Official FreeRTOS documentation also has such an examples.

https://www.freertos.org/a00124.html

In addition don't miss the tip at the top:

TIP: In many usage scenarios it is faster and more memory efficient to use a direct to task notification instead of a semaphore

https://www.freertos.org/RTOS-task-notifications.html