Water is somewhat tranparent. But not entirely.
The light coming reflecting off the coverglass and returning immediately is called Crosstalk. Normally Crosstalk is calibrated out and it's not much of an issue. But in your case the water is going to increase the crosstalk and thus cause the sensor to under-range.
How much it under ranges depends on how much water builds up on the glass.
One can artifically increase the crosstalk compensation, and over-range in no-water situations, assuming that when some water hits the range will be perfect and with too much water you under-range slightly. (This is all a trade-off.)
There is 'smudge' correction on the VL53L1CB chip, but in order to use it, at least some of you ranges must be without at target in the first 80 cm or so.
With the VL53L1X the under ranging gets worse with distance.
With the VL53L1CB, the under-ranging is an issue as well. But at 80cm the under-ranging issue simply goes away.
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