STM32G431CBU: section `.bss' will not fit in region `RAM'

[ValterMatos]

Good morning.
Could anyone tell me about this error and how to resolve it.
C:/ST/STM32CubeIDE_1.19.0/STM32CubeIDE/plugins/com.st.stm32cube.ide.mcu.externaltools.gnu-tools-for-stm32.13.3 .rel1.win32_1.0.0.202411081344/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/13.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: Oscillo_STM32G431CBU.elf section `.bss' will not fit in region `RAM'
C:/ST/STM32CubeIDE_1.19.0/STM32CubeIDE/plugins/com.st.stm32cube.ide.mcu.externaltools.gnu-tools-for-stm32.13.3 .rel1.win32_1.0.0.202411081344/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/13.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: region `RAM' overflowed by 54928 bytes
I'm using IDE 1.19 to compile the code for a G431CBU
Grateful

Valter Matos

[mƎALLEm]

Hello,

region `RAM' overflowed by 54928 bytes

Maybe you declared a large table in the RAM..

Use const for the table declaration to relocated it into the flash if that table content keeps unchanged in your application 

[Andrew Neil]

The key part of the message is:

section `.bss' will not fit in region `RAM'

It's telling you that your code uses more RAM than is available on the chip.

Specifically:

region `RAM' overflowed by 54928 bytes

It needs 54,928 more bytes.

The STM32G431CBU has 128K bytes of RAM; your code is using 54K more than that - so about 182K total.

You have 2 choices:

1. Reduce the amount of RAM your code uses;
2. Choose a different chip - with >182K RAM.

[ValterMatos]

It's a relatively small code, without many tables, and I still don't know how to optimize it.

[Andrew Neil]

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@ValterMatos wrote:

without many tables, 

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It's not about the number - it's about the total amount of RAM that they occupy...

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@ValterMatos wrote:

I still don't know how to optimize it.

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Nobody can help you without seeing the code!

How to insert source code