Question upon STM32F103, DCMI and PAL driver

[WAi.11]

Hello everyone~ Hope you guys are doing well.

I am recently working on OV2640 with STM32F103. As far as I discovered, most of the source code I found on the internet are OV2640 with F4 or F7 series, which are compatible with DCMI. And obviously F103 does not have DCMI, so my question is:

What is the way to control OV2640 without DCMI?

The second question is about the PAL library. During my searching for the solution of the aforementioned problem, I discovered someone use PAL library to control GPIO. I would like to know the difference between ordinary GPIO Library and PAL library. It would be great if there are some experts here giving me insights upon this question.

[waclawek.jan]

Why do you think it may be possible to capture output from a camera on the 'F103?

The DCMI is used for a reason.

JW

[Tesla DeLorean]

Perhaps the part has a data sheet or manual describing the expectations, and modes of operation?

If you can't manage the high data rates, FIFO's can be used for stills/frames, some camera's used to integrate these, or provide slower bandwidth methods to pull the internal frame buffers.

http://www.averlogic.com/AL422B.asp

DMA could be used on a bank of GPIO pins.

You could use a newer part, not the 12+ year old one, that supports the features you need.

HAL?

Probably some app notes or guides about migrating from SPL to HAL. https://www.st.com/en/development-tools/spl2ll-converter.html

[WAi.11]

I agree with the point that DCMI exists for a reason. but on the other hand, I searched for solution and did find one or two solutions on the internet, using the PAL driver:

http://qyx.krtko.org/wiki/ov2640-stm32/index

that gives me hope to used OV2640 with F103, and I am asking here to see if it is feasible.

[WAi.11]

What I want to achieve is capture a photo successfully per a minute. I think the data ate doesn't matter that much.

And PAL literally mean PAL (Ports Abstraction Layer). As mentioned I found someone using PAL and was curious about the difference it and ordinary GPIO Library.