Autonomous means that the sensor will work while your MCU is asleep waiting for an interrupt.
You can configure thresholds that will tell the sensor under what conditions the sensor will trigger the interrupt.
If running continuously the sensor will draw 20mA.
By setting the timing budget and intermeasurement period, you can greatly reduce the power consumption.
By ranging once per second (use intermeasurement period of 1 second) and ranging for only 15ms (Timing budget = 15ms) you will use:
20mA *15ms *1 range = 20 x 0.015 = 0.3mA.
By default the sensor will range until you tell it to stop.
so your MCU can go to sleep secure in the knowledge you will get the interrupt if something comes close (if that's how you set up the interrupt.)
One clever trick. You can use a laptop camera or a non-iPhone camera to see the sensor still at work. The rather poor IR filter on the camera will turn the invisible flash into a visible flash.
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