Compile SECoreBin without main

[MKoch.15]

Hi.

I am trying to compile the SBSFU project for STM32L, more exact i am using b-l475e-iot01a.

I have put together the following makefile, trying to compile SECoreBin, but i cannot work out how to link it together without getting

/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v7e-m+fp/softfp/crt0.o: in function `_start':
(.text+0x44): undefined reference to `main'

Makefile.

######################################
# Makefile by CubeMX2Makefile.py
######################################
 
######################################
# target
######################################
TARGET = SECoreBin
 
######################################
# building variables
######################################
# debug build?
DEBUG = 0
# optimization
OPT = -O0
 
#######################################
# pathes
#######################################
# Build path
BUILD_DIR = build
 
######################################
# source
######################################
 
SE_SOURCES = ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_bootinfo.c
SE_SOURCES += ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_callgate.c
SE_SOURCES += ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_crypto_common.c
SE_SOURCES += ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_exception.c
SE_SOURCES += ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_fwimg.c
SE_SOURCES += ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_startup.c
SE_SOURCES += ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_user_application.c
SE_SOURCES += ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_utils.c
SE_SOURCES_ASM = ../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core/se_stack_smuggler_GNU.s
 
SE_INCLUDES = -I../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core
SE_INCLUDES += -I../Middlewares/STM32_Secure_Engine/Key
 
HAL_SOURCES = ../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_crc.c
HAL_SOURCES += ../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_crc_ex.c
HAL_SOURCES += ../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_firewall.c
HAL_SOURCES += ../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_flash.c
HAL_SOURCES += ../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32l4xx_hal_flash_ex.c
HAL_INCLUDES = -I../Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc
 
CRYPTO_LIB = ../Middlewares/STM32_Cryptographic/Fw_Crypto/STM32L4/Lib/libSTM32CryptographicV3.0.0_CM4_GCC.a
CRYPTO_INCLUDES = -I../Middlewares/STM32_Cryptographic/Fw_Crypto/STM32L4/Inc
 
DEVICE_INCLUDES = -I../Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32L4xx/Include
DEVICE_INCLUDES += -I../Drivers/CMSIS/Include
DEVICE_INCLUDES += -I../Drivers/BSP/B-L475E-IOT01
DEVICE_INCLUDES += -I../Drivers/BSP/Components/Common
 
SE_KEY_ASM = SECoreBin/build/se_key.s
 
C_SOURCES = $(SE_SOURCES) $(HAL_SOURCES) Src/se_crypto_bootloader.c Src/se_low_level.c data_init.c
ASM_SOURCES = startup_stm32l475xx.s $(SE_SOURCES_ASM) $(SE_KEY_ASM)
 
 
 
#######################################
# binaries
#######################################
CC = arm-none-eabi-gcc
AS = arm-none-eabi-gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = arm-none-eabi-objcopy
AR = arm-none-eabi-ar
SZ = arm-none-eabi-size
HEX = $(CP) -O ihex
BIN = $(CP) -O binary -S
 
#######################################
# CFLAGS
#######################################
# macros for gcc
AS_DEFS =
C_DEFS = -DSTM32L475xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DUSE_STM32L475E_IOT01
# includes for gcc
AS_INCLUDES =
C_INCLUDES = -IInc -I../SBSFU/SBSFU/App -I../Linker_Common $(SE_INCLUDES) $(HAL_INCLUDES) $(DEVICE_INCLUDES) $(CRYPTO_INCLUDES)
# compile gcc flags
ASFLAGS = -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=softfp -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs $(AS_DEFS) $(AS_INCLUDES) $(OPT)
CFLAGS = -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=softfp -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT)
ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
CFLAGS += -g -gdwarf-2
endif
# Generate dependency information
CFLAGS += -std=gnu11 -MD -MP -MF $(BUILD_DIR)/.dep/$(@F).d
 
#######################################
# LDFLAGS
#######################################
# link script
LDSCRIPT = STM32L475VGTx_FLASH.ld
# libraries
LIBS = $(CRYPTO_LIB)
LIBDIR =
LDFLAGS = -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=softfp -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs -T$(LDSCRIPT) $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS) -L../Linker_Common -Wl,-Map=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections
 
# default action: build all
all: prebuild $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin
 
prebuild:
	mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR) && ./prebuild.sh $(BUILD_DIR)
 
#######################################
# build the application
#######################################
# list of objects
OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCES)))
# list of ASM program objects
OBJECTS += $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCES:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCES)))
 
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(notdir $(<:.c=.lst)) $< -o $@
 
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.s Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(AS) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
 
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) Makefile
	$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
	$(SZ) $@
 
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.hex: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(HEX) $< $@
 
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.bin: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(BIN) $< $@
 
$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir -p $@/.dep
 
#######################################
# clean up
#######################################
clean:
	-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)
 
#######################################
# dependencies
#######################################
-include $(shell mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)/.dep 2>/dev/null) $(wildcard $(BUILD_DIR)/.dep/*)
 
.PHONY: clean all
 
# *** EOF ***

All the paths are correct, but i feel like i am missing a linkerflag or a cflag somewhere.

[Jocelyn RICARD]

Hello,

the SECoreBin does not have a main function.

If you compare with SBSFU directory for instance, you will see a difference related to the file startup_stm32l475xx.s

The one in SECoreBin project does not call the main in the reset handler.

I hope this will help

Best regards

Jocelyn

[MKoch.15]

Hi.

I think i have managed to move a bit closer, but i am now getting memory overflow errors:

arm-none-eabi-gcc build/se_bootinfo.o build/se_callgate.o build/se_crypto_common.o build/se_exception.o build/se_fwimg.o build/se_startup.o build/se_user_application.o build/se_utils.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_crc.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_crc_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_firewall.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_flash.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_flash_ex.o build/se_crypto_bootloader.o build/se_low_level.o build/data_init.o build/startup_stm32l475xx.o build/se_stack_smuggler_GNU.o build/se_key.o -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=softfp -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32L475VGTx_FLASH.ld -L../Middlewares/STM32_Cryptographic/Fw_Crypto/STM32L4/Lib -l:libSTM32CryptographicV3.0.0_CM4_GCC.a -Xlinker -L../Linker_Common -nostartfiles -eSE_CallGate -o build/SECoreBin.elf
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: build/SECoreBin.elf section `.text' will not fit in region `SE_ROM_region'
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: build/SECoreBin.elf section `.bss' will not fit in region `SE_SRAM1_region'
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: region `SE_ROM_region' overflowed by 54004 bytes
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: region `SE_SRAM1_region' overflowed by 1648 bytes
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Even though i have not changed anything, telling me i am linking in too much code somewhere? :(

[Jocelyn RICARD]

Hello,

here is what I get when building the same project with eclipse:

arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=softfp -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -L"C:\STM32\Secu\SBSFU\STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0\Middlewares\ST\STM32_Cryptographic\Fw_Crypto\STM32L4\Lib" -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs -Xlinker -L ../../../../Linker_Common/SW4STM32 -T"../STM32L475VGTx_FLASH.ld" -Wl,-Map=output.map -Wl,--gc-sections -o "SECoreBin.elf" @"objects.list" -l:libSTM32CryptographicV3.0.0_CM4_GCC.a -lm

Finished building target: SECoreBin.elf

make --no-print-directory post-build

Generating binary and Printing size information:

arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary "SECoreBin.elf" "SECoreBin.bin"

arm-none-eabi-size "SECoreBin.elf"

  text   data   bss   dec   hex filename

 18398    80   2616  21094   5266 SECoreBin.elf

So, this is normal that 54004 bytes will not fit.

I would first look at compiler optimization flag.

Best regards

Jocelyn

[MKoch.15]

Alright! I got it to compile now. Thank you very much!

Now i am just trying to compile the next step (SBSFU). And i seem to get sorta the same issue;

arm-none-eabi-gcc build/se_interface_common.o build/se_interface_bootloader.o build/se_interface_application.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_spi_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_i2c_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_rtc.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_flash.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_pwr.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_uart_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_dma_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_dma.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_cortex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_i2c.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_pwr_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_tim_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_gpio.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_firewall.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_rtc_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_spi.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_adc.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_tim.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_rcc_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_rcc.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_crc.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_uart.o build/stm32l4xx_hal.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_adc_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_crc_ex.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_iwdg.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_flash_ex.o build/sfu_fwimg_core.o build/sfu_error.o build/sfu_loader.o build/sfu_com_trace.o build/sfu_com_loader.o build/sfu_fwimg_services.o build/sfu_new_image.o build/sfu_boot.o build/sfu_test.o build/main.o build/stm32l4xx_it.o build/stm32l4xx_hal_msp.o build/sfu_low_level_security.o build/sfu_low_level.o build/sfu_low_level_flash.o build/stm32l475e_iot01.o build/system_stm32l4xx.o build/sfu_secorebin_Inc.o build/syscalls.o build/startup_stm32l475xx.o -mthumb -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=softfp -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs -TSTM32L475VGTx_FLASH.ld   -Wl,-Map=build/SBSFU.map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections -Xlinker -L../Linker_Common -o build/SBSFU.elf
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: build/SBSFU.elf section `.text' will not fit in region `SB_ROM_region'
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/8.2.0/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: region `SB_ROM_region' overflowed by 25152 bytes
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

[Jocelyn RICARD]

Did you use optimize for size ?

If yes, issue may be related to different gcc compiler version ?

best regards

Jocelyn

[MKoch.15]

Hi

I have "-Os" on my compile statements, and i am trying to compile with "arm-none-eabi-gcc (Arch Repository) 8.2.0"

If you try to compile the SBSFU project using eclipse, what is your linker statement? And what is the version of gcc?

[Jocelyn RICARD · Accepted solution]

GCC Version is 7.3.1:

c:\STM32\Tools\Ac6\SystemWorkbench\plugins\fr.ac6.mcu.externaltools.arm-none.win32_1.17.0.201812190825\tools\compiler\bin>arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe --version

arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe (GNU Tools for Arm Embedded Processors 7-2018-q2-update) 7.3.1 20180622 (release) [ARM/embedded-7-branch revision 261907]

Last compiler and Linker statement:

Building file: C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/2_Images_SBSFU/Core/Src/stm32l4xx_it.c

Invoking: MCU GCC Compiler

C:\STM32\Secu\SBSFU\STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0\Projects\B-L475E-IOT01A\Applications\2_Images\2_Images_SBSFU\SW4STM32\B-L475E-IOT01_2_Images_SBSFU\Debug

arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -DSTM32L475xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DUSE_STM32L475E_IOT01 -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32L4xx/Include" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Drivers/STM32L4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Drivers/BSP/B-L475E-IOT01" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Drivers/BSP/Components/Common" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/2_Images_SBSFU/Core/Inc" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/2_Images_SBSFU/SBSFU/App" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/2_Images_SBSFU/SBSFU/Target" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/2_Images_SECoreBin/Inc" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Middlewares/ST/STM32_Secure_Engine/Core" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Middlewares/ST/STM32_Secure_Engine/Interface" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Drivers/CMSIS/Include" -I"C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/Linker_Common/SW4STM32" -Os -g3 -Wall -fmessage-length=0 -Wno-format -Wno-strict-aliasing -ffunction-sections -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"Application/Core/stm32l4xx_it.d" -MT"Application/Core/stm32l4xx_it.o" -o "Application/Core/stm32l4xx_it.o" "C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/2_Images_SBSFU/Core/Src/stm32l4xx_it.c"

Finished building: C:/STM32/Secu/SBSFU/STM32CubeExpansion_SBSFU_V2.1.0/Projects/B-L475E-IOT01A/Applications/2_Images/2_Images_SBSFU/Core/Src/stm32l4xx_it.c

Building target: SBSFU.elf

Invoking: MCU GCC Linker

arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -specs=nosys.specs -specs=nano.specs -Xlinker -L ../../../../Linker_Common/SW4STM32 -T"../STM32L475VGTx_FLASH.ld" -Wl,-Map=output.map -Wl,--gc-sections -o "SBSFU.elf" @"objects.list"  -lm

Finished building target: SBSFU.elf

make --no-print-directory post-build

Generating binary and Printing size information:

arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary "SBSFU.elf" "SBSFU.bin"

arm-none-eabi-size "SBSFU.elf"

  text   data   bss   dec   hex filename

 53688   336   6288  60312   eb98 SBSFU.elf

arm-none-eabi-objcopy -j .SE_IF_Code "SBSFU.elf" se_inter.elf > /dev/null 2>>1

arm-none-eabi-objcopy --extract-symbol se_inter.elf se_interface_app.elf

arm-none-eabi-objcopy -S --keep-symbols=../se_interface.txt se_interface_app.elf se_interface_app.o

[MKoch.15]

YAY! Success! I managed to build it, after adding "-g3 -Wall -fmessage-length=0 -Wno-format -Wno-strict-aliasing -ffunction-sections -c -fmessage-length=0"

Thank you very much!